Machining is the process of shaping a designed workpiece into the desired geometric form by removing material in various sizes and shapes from the part, following a technical drawing that conforms to standards. This process must be carried out using suitable tools and machinery. In machining, relative motion between the cutting tools and the workpiece is generated to remove material by inducing stress on the surface. This production method has several types based on the tools, machinery, and techniques used. Turning Turning is the process of shaping a rotating workpiece, mounted on a chuck (the movable component in a lathe), into the desired geometry by removing material using fixed cutting tools. These tools perform relative motions such as feed and depth of cut during operation. In lathes, components with circular forms, such as springs, screws, and bolts, can be produced, as well as drilled holes. Lathes, widely used in industry, historically required significant craftsmanship and manual effort. However, advancements in technology have made production much easier with CNC lathes. While traditional universal lathes operate on three axes (X, Z, and C, representing feed, depth, and chuck axis), CNC lathes can operate on up to seven axes. This advancement not only simplifies operations but also enables more precise manufacturing and reduces production times, offering cost advantages. Milling Milling is similar to turning but features a critical difference. In turning, the workpiece rotates while the cutting tool remains stationary. In milling, the workpiece stays stationary while the cutting tools rotate to remove material. This allows milling to create geometries (e.g., grooves) that cannot be achieved with turning. Additional Machining Methods Other machining techniques include drilling, broaching, reaming, shaping, planing, grinding, honing, lapping, and polishing. While turning and milling are the most fundamental methods, these additional techniques expand the range of possibilities in machining processes.